Grease a 9×13-inch or any 3–4-quart oven-safe dish. Arrange tater tots in an even layer in bottom of pan.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add sausage and Italian seasoning and break up the sausage into bite-size pieces with a wooden spoon. Cook the sausage until it starts to brown and then add the onion, garlic, peppers, and cook until everything has slightly softened and sausage is cooked through, about 5–6 minutes. Then add the spinach and allow to wilt.
Remove sausage and vegetable mixture from heat and spread in an even layer on top of the tater tots.
Whisk the eggs, salt, pepper, and milk or half and half together. Sprinkle evenly with the shredded cheese and then evenly pour over sausage/vegetable mixture. Add another sprinkle of salt and pepper on top.
Cover casserole with plastic wrap or aluminum foil and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes and up to 24 hours. (When ready to bake, allow to sit at room temperature for 10–15 minutes as oven preheats.)
Preheat the oven to 375°F (191°C). Bake the casserole, uncovered, until the top is golden, edges are crisp, and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean, about 40–45 minutes.
Cool for 10 minutes, then slice and serve.
Leftovers keep well in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. Reheat in the microwave to your liking.